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Languages of schooling
Language education is not limited to foreign language teaching but incorporates all aspects of schooling. This includes the majority school language, the home languages of students as well as language needed to learn each subject.

Introduction
Council of Europe Resources
Other Resources
Training and consultancySupporting the language(s) of schooling (ROADMAP)

Language of schooling in subject learning

Resources of the ECML


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A roadmap for schools to support the language(s) of schooling

The ROADMAP enables schools to set up a tailor-made whole-school strategy to support the development of students’ competences in the language(s) of schooling. The web-based tools help schools to develop the linguistic and critical thinking skills ALL students need in ALL subjects for learning and school success.

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MARILLE – Promoting plurilingualism: majority language in multilingual settings

Traditionally, teachers of majority languages receive less training to teach a language as a second language or to develop the plurilingual repertoire of their learners than, for example, foreign language teachers.Yet, in today’s societies, learners bring many different languages to school.This means that the teaching of themajority language has to extend beyond teaching it as a first language and adopt elements of second language teaching.

Available in English and German.

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Teaching the language of schooling in the context of diversity. Study materials for teacher development

The study materials focus on teacher education for the language of schooling (e.g. French in France, Polish in Poland). They draw on the linguistic and cultural diversity in the classroom for the benefit of all learners.

Available in English, French and German

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Language skills for successful subject learning. CEFR-linked descriptors for mathematics and history/civics (Language Descriptors)
These resources highlight challenges for young learners in subject classes where the language of instruction is not their first language. The focus is on minimum language standards in history/civics and mathematics for learners aged 12/13 and 15/16. The language descriptors are linked to CEFR levels A2, B1 and B2 and available in six languages.

Available in English and French

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A pluriliteracies approach to teaching for learning

A pluriliteracies approach builds on CLIL approaches to help learners become better meaning-makers, who can draw on content knowledge to communicate successfully across languages, disciplines and cultures. In this way it promotes deep learning and helps develop responsible, global citizens.

Available in English and German

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Collaborative Community Approach to Migrant Education. A virtual open course for educators

The resources offer innovative ways to enhance young migrants’ education by developing links between schools, the home and local partners in education. This educational joint venture develops the learners’ skills in the language of schooling as well as their plurilingual competences.

Available in EN and FR

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The language dimension in all subjects - A handbook for curriculum development and teacher training

This handbook is a policy and working document which promotes convergence and coherence between the linguistic dimensions of various school subjects.
It proposes measures to make explicit, in curricula, pedagogic material and teacher training, the specific linguistic norms and competences which learners must master in each school subjects. It also presents the learning modalities that should allow all learners, and in particular the most vulnerable among them, to be exposed to diversified language-learning situations in order to develop their cognitive and linguistic capacities.

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The Handbook at a Glance

This document is an executive summary of the Council of Europe publication, The Language Dimension in All Subjects: A Handbook for Curriculum Development and Teacher Training. It does not attempt a chapter by chapter summary of the Handbook but presents the central arguments under five key themes: the language dimension in subjects; policy initiatives to promote quality and equity; view of language; subject issues and teacher development

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The place of the languages of schooling in the curricula

All knowledge building in the school context involves working with language. The purpose of this text is to suggest a general approach enabling different levels of specification of these language dimensions to be classed in transversal descriptive categories. It then presents studies putting this approach into practice for four school subjects, with reference points: history, literature, mathematics and sciences. This work is intended for curriculum developers and authors of textbooks, designers of tests, teacher trainers, teachers themselves, and especially those of subjects sometimes mistakenly described as “non-linguistic”.

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